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主謂語法一致的原則

來源:本站原創(chuàng)    點擊率:    發(fā)布: 2013-5-11

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廣州新東方夏令營介紹主謂語法一致的原則。

謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則:語法一致原則,意義一致原則和就近一致原則。
1. 語法一致的原則
(1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞,動詞不定式短語作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù);主語為復數(shù)時,謂語用復數(shù),例如:
he goes to school early every morning.
the children are playing outside.
to work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。例如:
both he and i are right.
mr black and mrs black have a son called tom.
但并列主語如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如:
his teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
the poet and writer has come.
(3)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:
in our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主語是單數(shù)時,盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。例如:
the teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
nobody but two boys was late for class.
bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
(5) 一些只有復數(shù)形式的名詞,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時,謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。例如:
a lot of people are dancing outside.
the police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復合代詞作主語時,謂語動詞都用單數(shù)。例如:
is everybody ready?
somebody is using the phone.
(7)有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。例如:
where are my shoes? i can’t find them.
your trousers are dirty. you’d better change them.
如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等,則往往用作單數(shù),謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復數(shù)形式。例如:
here are some new pairs of shoes.
my new pair of socks is on the bed.
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