英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法—?jiǎng)釉~的時(shí)態(tài)
來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊率: 發(fā)布: 2013-3-22
廣州新東方酷學(xué)酷玩夏令營(yíng)
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
(一) 動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài),但是常用的只有9種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。下面分別介紹。
1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1) 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作;表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:
a. he goes to school every day.
b. he is very happy.
c.the earth moves around the sun.
2) 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例如:
a. if you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.
b. when i graduate, i’ll go to countryside.
3) 有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如:
a. the meeting begins at seven.
b. the rain starts at nine in the morning.
4) 表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
a. i like english very much.
b. the story sound very interesting.
5) 書報(bào)的標(biāo)題、小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1) 表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
a. he saw mr. wang yesterday.
b. he worked in a factory in 1986.
2)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 , 也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 動(dòng)詞原形”。 i used to smoke. during the vacation i wouldm in the sea.
注:”used to “ 表示過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)!皐ould + 動(dòng)詞原形”沒有 “現(xiàn)在不再……”含義。另外“to be used to +名詞(動(dòng)名詞)”表示“習(xí)慣于…..”
a. i am used to the climate here.
b. he is used tomming in winter.
3.一般將來時(shí)的用法
一般將來時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其表達(dá)形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 動(dòng)詞原形 ”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。
it is going to rain.
we are going to have a meeting today.
2)“be to + 動(dòng)詞原形” 表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見。
the boy is to go to school tomorrow.
are we to go on with this work?
3) “be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形” 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,意為 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 we are about to leave.
4) go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。i’m leaving for beijing.
5) 某些動(dòng)詞(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示將來。
the meeting starts at five o’clock.
he gets off at the next stop.
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,由“to be + 現(xiàn)在分詞” 構(gòu)成。另外, “系動(dòng)詞 + 介詞或副詞” 也表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義。what are you doing? the bridge is under construction.
2) 表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞(如have, be , here, se, like 等 ) 一般不用進(jìn)行。
5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,由 “ was (were) + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。
in 1980 he was studying in a university.
he was reading a novel when i came in.
6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由 “have + 過去分詞其使用有兩種情況:
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
he has gone to fuzhou.
he has been to fuzhou.
2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去常用 for 和since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或so far , now, today, this wek (month, year ) 等表示包括現(xiàn)在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)。
he has studied english for 5 years.
he has studied english since 1985.
now i have finished the work..
注意:表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞(如come, go , die, marry, buy 等)的完成時(shí)不能與for, since 等 表示一般時(shí)間的詞連用。
3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可用時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。
i’ll go o your home when i have finished my homework.
if it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.
7.過去完成時(shí)的用法
1) 過去完成時(shí)由“had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成。過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。句中常用by, before, until, when 等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
by the end of last year we had built five new houses.
i had learnt 5000 words before i entered the university.
2)過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去。before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
8.過去將來時(shí)的用法
過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)由 “should 或 would + 動(dòng)詞原形” 構(gòu)成。第一人稱用should, 其他人稱用would.
they were sure that they would succeed.
9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由 “ have (has)+ been + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,表示現(xiàn)在以前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有些動(dòng)詞(work, study, live, teach 等) 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)意思差不多。
i have worked here for three years.
i have been working here for three years.
但多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在這兩種時(shí)態(tài)表示不同意思
i have been writing a letter.
注意:表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞(finish, marry, get up, come, go 等)不能用這種時(shí)態(tài)。
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
(一) 動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài),但是常用的只有9種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。下面分別介紹。
1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1) 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作;表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:
a. he goes to school every day.
b. he is very happy.
c.the earth moves around the sun.
2) 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例如:
a. if you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.
b. when i graduate, i’ll go to countryside.
3) 有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如:
a. the meeting begins at seven.
b. the rain starts at nine in the morning.
4) 表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
a. i like english very much.
b. the story sound very interesting.
5) 書報(bào)的標(biāo)題、小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1) 表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
a. he saw mr. wang yesterday.
b. he worked in a factory in 1986.
2)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 , 也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 動(dòng)詞原形”。 i used to smoke. during the vacation i wouldm in the sea.
注:”used to “ 表示過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)!皐ould + 動(dòng)詞原形”沒有 “現(xiàn)在不再……”含義。另外“to be used to +名詞(動(dòng)名詞)”表示“習(xí)慣于…..”
a. i am used to the climate here.
b. he is used tomming in winter.
3.一般將來時(shí)的用法
一般將來時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其表達(dá)形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 動(dòng)詞原形 ”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。
it is going to rain.
we are going to have a meeting today.
2)“be to + 動(dòng)詞原形” 表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見。
the boy is to go to school tomorrow.
are we to go on with this work?
3) “be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形” 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,意為 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 we are about to leave.
4) go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。i’m leaving for beijing.
5) 某些動(dòng)詞(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示將來。
the meeting starts at five o’clock.
he gets off at the next stop.
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,由“to be + 現(xiàn)在分詞” 構(gòu)成。另外, “系動(dòng)詞 + 介詞或副詞” 也表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義。what are you doing? the bridge is under construction.
2) 表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞(如have, be , here, se, like 等 ) 一般不用進(jìn)行。
5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,由 “ was (were) + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。
in 1980 he was studying in a university.
he was reading a novel when i came in.
6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由 “have + 過去分詞其使用有兩種情況:
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
he has gone to fuzhou.
he has been to fuzhou.
2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去常用 for 和since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或so far , now, today, this wek (month, year ) 等表示包括現(xiàn)在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)。
he has studied english for 5 years.
he has studied english since 1985.
now i have finished the work..
注意:表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞(如come, go , die, marry, buy 等)的完成時(shí)不能與for, since 等 表示一般時(shí)間的詞連用。
3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可用時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。
i’ll go o your home when i have finished my homework.
if it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.
7.過去完成時(shí)的用法
1) 過去完成時(shí)由“had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成。過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。句中常用by, before, until, when 等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
by the end of last year we had built five new houses.
i had learnt 5000 words before i entered the university.
2)過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去。before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
8.過去將來時(shí)的用法
過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)由 “should 或 would + 動(dòng)詞原形” 構(gòu)成。第一人稱用should, 其他人稱用would.
they were sure that they would succeed.
9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由 “ have (has)+ been + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,表示現(xiàn)在以前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有些動(dòng)詞(work, study, live, teach 等) 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)意思差不多。
i have worked here for three years.
i have been working here for three years.
但多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在這兩種時(shí)態(tài)表示不同意思
i have been writing a letter.
注意:表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞(finish, marry, get up, come, go 等)不能用這種時(shí)態(tài)。
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