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上海新東方夏令營(yíng)，使用定語從句時(shí)注意的幾個(gè)問

1、that與which的區(qū)別。

1)用that而不用 which的情況：①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …;②先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾;③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾;④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

e.g. there is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

the first place that they visited in guilin was elephant trunk hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。

this is the best film that i have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。

mr smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國人。

2)用which而不用 that的情況：①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;②代表整個(gè)主句的意思;③介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。

e.g. he had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。

this is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。

3)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的用法

①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結(jié)構(gòu)中。

e.g. i want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。

such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china. 我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國制造的。

②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as i expect 等。

e.g. as i expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。

3)as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別

①當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時(shí)，用as;反之，用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

e.g. he made a long speech, as we expected.

he made a long speech, which was unexpected.

②當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí)，常用which引導(dǎo)。

e.g. tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。

e.g. the man who lives downstairs speaks english fluently. 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語說得很流利。

the students who are in grade three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

3. 定語從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔開。